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Research Article

Usage Rituals and Installed Places of Suro (incense Burner with a Baby and its Mother) in the Koryǒ Dynasty

이용진

동국대학교

Published: June 2025 · No. 326 · pp. 33-64

DOI: https://doi.org/10.31065/kjah.326.202506.002

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Abstract

This study investigates the ritual use and spatial placement of beast-shaped incense burners (ᗘᆥ, suro) in the royal ceremonies of the Koryŏ dynasty (918–1392), focusing on their ceremonial functions and architectural positioning. These distinctive incense burners were primarily employed during two categories of state rituals: karye (family rites) and pillye (receptions for foreign envoys). In karye, a pair of suro was symmetrically placed on either side of the main pillars in front of Taegwanjŏn, the central ceremonial hall. In pillye, a single suro was set on a fragrance table (hyangan) in the courtyard of Hoegyŏngjŏn, where musk incense was burned. In auxiliary rites such as Sangwŏn Yŏndŭnghoe (Lantern Festival of the Upper Monastery) and Chungdong P'algwanhoe (Mid-Autumn Festival of the Eight Offerings), two suro were installed to the left and right of the eastern pavilions in front of Kanganjŏn and Ŭibongmun. These cases illustrate that the number and placement of suro varied depending on the nature and structure of each ritual, reflecting a deliberate correspondence between ritual form and spatial arrangement. Documentary evidence suggests that suro were already in use by around 1030 and continued to appear in royal rituals into the early Chosŏn dynasty. Notably, during the investiture of the queen consort in 1418nthe first year of King Sejong’s reignnsuro were still in use. That same year, hyangno (traditional incense burners) were employed in the enthronement ceremonies of the Retired King and the Queen Dowager, indicating the coexistence of suro and hyangno at this transitional juncture. Interestingly, the spatial placement of hyangno followed the same pattern established for suro in earlier Koryŏ court rituals. The suro used in Koryŏ royal ceremonies were incense burners crafted in the form of animalsntypically featuring long legs, a cylindrical body, and a lid adorned with chamosu (mother-and-child beast) motifs.
Keywords: 수로(獸爐incense burner of mother animal and her son)가례(嘉禮royal weddings and other congratulatory rites)빈례(賓禮reception of foreign envoys)상원연등회(上元燃燈會Ritual of Brightening Up Light on February 15th)중동팔관회(仲冬八關會chungdong p’algwanhoe)대관전(大觀殿Taegwanjŏn Hall)