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The Date of Construction and Stylistic Origin of Bulil(佛日) the Gamro Stupa for the Honorable State Preceptor Bojo(普照國師甘露塔)

康炳喜

용인대

Published: September 2020 · No. 307 · pp. 67-112

DOI: https://doi.org/10.31065/kjah.307.202009.003

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Abstract

The honorable State Preceptor Bojo Jinul(普照國師 知訥, 1158-1210) entered nirvana in 1210, and his stupa named Gamro(甘露塔) was built on the north side of Suseon Association of faith(修禪社, Songgwangsa T emple nowadays) after the body was cremated by his disciples. The stupa is a sphere shaped stupa with a square base, and it forms octagonal structure with the eight lines raised from the base of body up to the decorative part of the top. From the stylistic comparison with the stupas built during the 12th and 13th centuries and stupas of the 13th and 14th centuries constructed at the same temple ground, the style of the Gamro stupa can be determined as that of circa 1210. The square base of the stupa considered to be related with the burial facilities underground. In China, the sphere shaped monk stupa began to appear from the mid T ang period when Buddhist esoteric scriptures were transmitted and translated by the Bukong(不空) in the eighth century, to the tenth century when the illustration of Precious Casket Seal Dharani Sutra(寶篋印 陀羅尼經) was created in the Wuyue kingdom under the influence of Bukong. The sphere shaped stupa again appeared during the early Northern Song period when large numbers of esoteric scriptures were newly introduced and translated by many Indian monks. During the above mentioned period, many sphere shaped stupas appeared in China.
Keywords: 보조국사 감로탑(普照國師甘露塔Gamro Stupa of the honorable State Preceptor Bojo)지눌(Jinul)구형부도(球形浮圖Sphere Shaped monk stupa)보협인다라니경(寶篋印陀羅尼經Precious Casket Seal Dharani Sutra)화엄해회선지식도(華嚴海會善知識圖Kalyana-mitras Omament of Avatamsaka Ocean Assembly)『화엄경』 「입법계품」의 비슬지라거사(Biseuljira Grhapati of 「the Gandavyuha」 ‘the Avatamsaka Sutra’)대각국사 의천(大覺國師 義天Honorable State Preceptor Daegak Uicheon)칠불탑(The Pagodas of Seven Past Buddha)