Research Article
The History and Significance of the So-Called 'Cheongwadae Buddha'
경주대학교
Published: December 2017 · No. 296 · pp. 5-32
DOI: https://doi.org/10.31065/ahak.296.296.201712.001
Full Text
Abstract
Inside the Blue House in Seoul, there is the so-called “Handsome Buddha,” which is a seated stone statue. Even though a halo and part of the pedestal have been lost, the body of the statue is in almost perfect condition, without any damages. Apart from its good condition, the more interesting fact is that this statue was relocated here after being removed from Gyeongju in 1912–1913 during the Japanese Occupation Period. This article explores why the statue was placed in the Blue House, where it would have been enshrined originally, and finally estimates its production period and meaning. The most challenging issue was the original venue for the statue. The original location was only mentioned twice in the records, in 1934 and 1939, both of which were written more than 20 years after the statue was relocated in Seoul. What makes the situation worse is that these two records tell different stories. Nevertheless, the original venue is known to be the site of Igeosa Temple. However, the current records do not corroborate this. The earliest record regarding the original location is an article from Maeilshinbo in 1934, which strongly asserts that the statue was from Namsan Mountain, Gyeongju. This assertion was supported by an almost identical statue to the one in the Blue House, which remained in the Yaksu Valley of Namsan Mountain in Gyeongju. In addition, the article asserted that the same style of statue, with the three-step squared pedestal of the Blue House statue, is only found in the Namsan Mountain, Gyeongju, which makes it difficult to determine its original venue to be Igeosa Temple, Doji-Dong. Meanwhile, Chōsen koseki zufu, in its commentary volume in 1917, vaguely mentions the statue at the Blue House as “a statue from somewhere in Gyeongju.” This is indeed an important record, because it was written only four years after the statue had been relocated. However, it did not mention its original location. It is not certain if the author of the record simply stated “somewhere” because he or she did not know the original provenance or because the author was forbidden to reveal it and so deliberately wrote “somewhere”. Kodaira Ryōzō ( 小平亮三) himself, who previously owned the statue, would have been reluctant to reveal the location, which makes it extremely difficult to find out the original venue based on these documents from the Japanese Occupation Period. The Buddha statue itself in the Blue House is a painful memory, but at the same time, it is also a part of history. It is regrettable that I focused more on the history of the statue than on analyzing the three-step squared pedestal. Yet, it should be noted that this type of pedestal in the Unified Silla period is very rare, and it is even more difficult to find a case in which the guardian figures were carved on the middle step. I believe that the Buddha statue could have been produced in the ninth century based on the following features: voluminous body, wrinkles of drapery in the shape of a circular sector in front of the ankles carved on the pedestal, a three-step squared pedestal, and a formal style of guardian figures in the middle step. It is also a meaningful example in that it can be situated at the point in time at which the three-step squared pedestal became the fashion in the early Goryeo period.
