Research Article
Stone Figures at the Tomb of Queen Hyeondeok (Soreung)
홍익대학교
Published: March 2015 · No. 285 · pp. 101-129
DOI: https://doi.org/10.31065/ahak.285.285.201503.004
Full Text
Abstract
Queen Hyeondeok (1418-1441) was the consort of King Munjong (r. 1450-1452), the fifth king of the Joseon Dynasty, and the mother of the sixth king, Danjong. Having died as a crown princess, her tomb was initially built according to ordinary funerary custom, and as King Munjong ascended to the throne, her tomb was bestowed the title of Soreung. However, the failed attempt to restore King Danjong in 1453 resulted in the abolishment of Queen Hyeondeok’s status as queen, along with Soreung, and her remains were moved to a different location. After 56 years, her title was restored, and her tomb was newly constructed as a separate burial mound alongside the tomb of her husband in the same compound. No trace of the royal tomb is found at the site where Soreung once stood in Ansan, and its location has been passed on solely through oral transmission. Of the tomb sculptures of the Soreung, the most notable are two stone tigers in the Ewha Womans University Museum and a stone sheep and a stone pillar of banister in the Ansan Local History Museum, which are the subjects of this paper. The stone tigers were acquired not through excavation but from an antique dealer, which led to controversy on the ownership. This study reveals that the stone sheep and the pillar, along with the stone tigers, originated from the initial tomb site of Queen Hyeondeok. It argues that the stone sheep and the tigers were installed at the tomb of the crown princess, and the stone pillars were established additionally after the tomb was elevated as a royal tomb. The analysis of stone pillars of the banister proves that there were no broad, square-shaped stones installed for protecting the tomb but only the stone pillars and banister. This supports that the very first royal tomb with no square-shaped stones but only with the pillars and a banister is not King Sejo’s Gwangneung but rather the Soreung. The tomb of Crown Princess Gwon, the first tomb for a crown princess in the Joseon Dynasty, was built to be lower than a tomb for a king or queen but higher than that of an ordinary princess, a style that was used for the tomb of Crown Prince Uigyeong before being settled as a hill-sized tomb as a compromise between a royal tomb and an ordinary grave. In the end, this paper proved that the tomb of Queen Hyeondeok served as a medium in the formation of the unique tomb system of the Joseon Dynasty. In addition, Soreung is the first example of the Joseon royal tombs to be decorated with stone horses, which implies that the early Joseon Dynasty made effort to systemize the tomb system by differentiating the royal tomb from other graves. Soreung now exists only in historical record, yet a number of remaining sculptures allowed this paper to determine the historical implication of Soreung, and shed light on the value of the stone sculpture of the Joseon Dynasty.
